1862-1864 - Minnesota Uprising

The Minnesota Uprising started with Indian agents corruption and incompetence in their administration of relations with the Minnesota Sioux.The Sioux alomost starved from lack of supplies. Under the leadership of Little Crow, they attacked Minnesota settlers. The uprising spread to other Santee bands in Eastern Dakotas.
Thrity eight Santee Sioux were hung at Mankato Minnesota for the uprising.

1862 - Hanging of 38 Dakota in Mankota MN

December 26, 1862 - The mass execution of 38 mostly innocent Sioux men
in Mankato, MN for crimes during the Sioux Uprising. The trials of almost every adult male who had voluntarily surrendered to General Sibley, at a rate of up to 40 a day, were conducted under the premise of guilty until proven innocent. Originally 303 men were condemned to death. President Lincoln intervened and ordered a complete review of the records. This resulted in a reduced list of 40 to be executed. One was reprieved by the military because he had supplied testimony against many of the others. A last minute reprieve removed one more from the list. A mixup in properly recording the names of the men and in associating the records with the proper men resulted in one man being ordered released for saving a woman's life, a day after he was hung.

1866 - Red Cloud War

1866-1868 - Red Cloud leads the Sioux and several allied tribes in all-out war against the U.S. military (known as "Red Cloud's War") to close the Bozeman Trail that passed through buffalo hunting grounds in the Big Horn Territory from northeast Wyoming into Montana. In the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, 80 U.S. troops are lured out of Fort Phil Kearny and slaughtered by Indians led by Red Cloud and Crazy Horse. Eventually, the U.S. admits defeat and sues for peace, the only time Indian leaders defeat the United States in an extended all-out war.
Red Cloud opposed the opening of the Bozeman Trail to travel by whites and the staffing of forts in the traditional hunting lands of the Teton. For two years he led the Oglalas and other Teton bands in battles against the United States Army and forced the U.S. to abandon the forts.

1867 - Grand Council of the Lakota/Dakota/Nakota

Summer, 1867 - Grand Council of 6,000 tribes at Bear Butte, the sacred mountain of the Cheyenne, attended by Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, and Sitting Bull, among other great leaders, pledged to end further encroachment by the whites.

1868 - Fort Laramie Treaty 1868

U.S. signs Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 with Lakotas and Dakotas, Arapaho and Cheyenne. This treaty confirms a permanent reservation for the Sioux in all of South Dakota west of the Missouri River and the Indians in turn release all east of the Missouri except the Crow Creek, Sisseton and Yankton Reservations. In this treaty the government promised that no white should enter the Sioux reservation without Sioux permission and that the signature of three-fourth of the adult Sioux males must ratify further negotiation. The Yanktonai under Two Bears voiced objections to the reservation proposal since they wish to remain on the east side of the Missouri River. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868; Article IV stipulated that a central agency should be established at some point on the Missouri River to accommodate the Great Sioux Reservation Indians. This one agency was to serve all the Indians in the distribution of annuities, and it was to be a common site where schools, missions, and other facilities could be located. A central location along the Missouri River would cause the Indians to congregate there and remove any further threat to the Union Pacific Railroad; also the agency could utilize the cheap transportation facilities of the Missouri River. Inducing the distant Indian tribes to gather at one site proved to be impossible and an alternate plan was necessary.